Articles

by Holly Clegg

The herpes simplex virus is responsible for both oral and genital herpes.  Typically, oral herpes is caused by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and genital herpes is caused by herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2).  Both present as infrequent outbreaks of blisters and sores, and transmission is possible even when there isn't a visible outbreak.  Preventing both types of herpes requires avoiding contact with the fluids released by the blisters that herpes causes.  The most accurate diagnosis is done during an outbreak, but a diagnosis can also be made through other tests such as blood work.  There is no cure for herpes, but there are treatments that can reduce outbreaks and lessen the chances of transmitting the virus to others.

Oral herpes is most often transmitted by contact with the fluid that is released by the blisters that form on the lips during an outbreak.  HSV-1 can also be transmitted through saliva, which makes it possible to contract the infection in social settings.  Avoiding contact with the fluids from fever blisters and cold sores as well as practicing good hygiene with frequent hand washing are the best ways to prevent transmission of oral herpes. 

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) and is passed through sexual contact, including oral sex.  It is possible for the virus to be transmitted even if there isn't a visible outbreak.  Avoiding sexual contact during an outbreak and using a latex condom during every sexual encounter will greatly reduce the risk of getting the virus.

The most accurate way to diagnose both oral herpes and genital herpes is to test the fluids released by the blisters during an outbreak.  Blood can be tested for the HSV antibody, but the presence of the antibody does not always mean the presence of the infection.  Other bodily fluids, such as saliva, can also be tested, but the virus is only present in these during certain phases of the infection, so test results can be misleading.

At this time there is no cure for either oral herpes or genital herpes.  There are, however, antiviral medications that can be prescribed to a person who has the infection.  These antiviral medications can help prevent outbreaks and shorten the duration of outbreaks when they do occur.  The use of daily suppressive therapy can help prevent transmitting the infection to others.

This article expires on August 12, 2014